Below is the first of a series of guest posts which Ive invited people to contribute to the T&T Clark blog. The idea is that authors can probably best introduce their own work. I hope you enjoy them.
Why did I write Jesus, Gnosis and Dogma?
Riemer Roukema, Theological University, Kampen, The Netherlands
There are two reasons why I wrote this book. First, I was (and am) annoyed by the suggestion that the real Jesus was a sort of teacher of Gnostic or esoteric wisdom that can be found, for example, in the Gospel of Thomas. To be sure, in some respect Jesus was a teacher of wisdom, and part of the sayings attributed to him in the Gospel of Thomas may be more or less trustworthy or in line with his own instruction. But in my book I argue that especially its esoteric, Gnosticizing teachings do not go back to Jesus of Nazareth, but have been attributed to him at a later stage, when certain Christians wanted to align him with religious views originating from other sources. For that reason in the Gospel of Thomas Jesus sometimes seems to propagate Hermetic and other religious views concerning, for example, the need to acquire self-knowledge, which means knowledge about the supracelestial origin and destination of one’s soul. His alleged devaluation of the Old Testament prophets and of common Jewish practices like prayer and almsgiving also fits in with this. One of the examples of a high, but uncritical esteem of the Gospel of Thomas can be found in Elaine Pagels’s book Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas. In my chapter 1, therefore, I critically discuss her interpretation of an esoteric version of Jesus’ conversation with his disciples about his own identity. Furthermore, I demonstrate that other apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Judas, or related testimonies to Jesus’ alleged Gnostic teachings, are even less trustworthy from an historical point of view. I maintain that the most trustworthy records of Jesus’ own instruction can be found in the synoptic Gospels, and perhaps to a lesser extent in the Gospel of John. Still, I do not exclude the possibility that the Gospel of John contains Jesus’ own mystic teachings that are less prominent in (but not absent from) the synoptic Gospels. As far as Jesus had a secret teaching for the inner circle of his disciples, the gist of it can now be found in the canonical Gospels. There is no trace of early Gnosticism in his own teaching, although afterwards esoteric Christians could reinterpret his instruction in a Gnostic sense.
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